The vast tract of land enclosed between hill ranges had been assigned a name- Damin-I-koh, which is a Persian word means Skirts of the hills. The district may be divided into two natural
divisions on the basis of its geographical location and cultivable land. First region consists of Borio, Mandro, Barhait, Pathna and Taljhari blocks and lies under
Damin-I-koh area. The hills and slopes are covere
d with forests, once dense but scanty now. The valleys have cultivable lands, yielding mostly paddy. The inhabitants of this region are
generally Paharias, Mal Paharias and Santhals. The inhabitants on the hill top cultivate Barbatti
and maize using rain water. The second region consists of Sahibganj, Rajmahal, Udhwa and Barharwa blocks. This plain
region consists of the uplands, undulation along ridges and depressions. The Ganges, Gumani
and Bansloi rivers flow through this region. This area has plenty of fertile lands and is richly
cultivated. The inhabitants of this region are mainly middle class people of different castes,
Paharias and Santhals. Rivers:-
The river Ganges forming the northern boundary of the district enters at its north western corner
and journeys eastward up to Sakrigali where it takes a turn to the south and forms the southern
boundary of the district up to a little beyond Radhanagar in Rajmahal subdivision. The river has
been drifting gradually to the north and the Sahibganj town, which was once on the riverbank, is
now about a mile away. The average width of the Ganges in the district is about 4 and half
kilometers. It generally swells during the rains and inundates the lowlands lying east of the
Railway loop line. There are ferry services across the river between Sahibganj ghat in the
Sahibganj district on this side and Manihari ghat in the Katihar district on the other side and
Rajmahal ghat in the Sahibganj district and Manikchak ghat in the Maldah district of West
Bengal. Country boats also ply in the river. River Gumani emerges from the southern region of the Rajmahal hills. It flows in a north-easterly
direction up to Barhait valley where it is joined by the river Mural. The joint stream takes a southeastern
turn and joins the Ganges a little beyond the district boundary. FOREST:-
Owing to large scale unscrupulous felling the region once known for its thick and extensive
forests is now bereft of much of its jungle wealth. The Forest department has undertaken
afforestation of these areas. The most common tree found in the district is sal (Shorea Robusta). Some teak, though not of
good quality, is also found. Some other trees found in the district are Jackfruit, Murga, Simal,
Bamboo, Asan and Satsal. Sal and Simal logs and Jackfruit are exported in large quantities to
the neighboring districts and also to the places outside Jharkhand. LIVESTOCK :-
Despite a large population of cattle, yield of milk in the district is very poor. In order to grade up
the cattle quickly and also at low cost, artificial insemination centers and sub-centers have been opened at various places in the district. FISHERIES:-
The extensive bed of the Ganges at Sahibganj and Rajmahal offers one of the best fields in the
state for collection of fish spawn and fishing. The spawn of Rohu, Katla, Mirga, Catfish and Hilsa
is collected from the Barhait valley. MINES AND MINERALS:-
The Rajmahal Hills are the source of building and road stones. Most of the quarrying is done by
the side of the loop line of the Eastern Railway. Pakur chips are quite well known and are used
extensively all over Jharkhand, Bihar and parts of West Bengal. Kaolin is found near Mangal Hat
in Rajmahal subdivision. Bentonite available in some places is used by women-folk as hair
washing material and now a days it is getting popular among urban ladies as Multani Mitti. INDUSTRY :-
The traditional cottage and village industries practiced by the Santhals and the Paharias
constitute tasar rearing, village black-smithy, carpentry, handloom weaving, rope making, bidi
making, earthen ware making, stone ware making, etc. There is no large-scale industry
available in the area mainly due to lack of infrastructure support. A number of small-scale
industries have been set up in the district. Most of these are based on mining and related
querrying activities. There is a good potential for setting up china clay industries. TRADE AND COMMERCE:-
Sahibganj is by far the most important place for trade and commerce in the district. Wholesale
trading in foodgrains is mostly carried on in Sahibganj. The main imports of the districts are
linseed, mustard seed, tobacco, raw cotton, sugar, refined and unrefined molasses, salt,
kerosene oil, coal, coke, gunny bags, gram, wheat and maize. The main exports are paddy,
jawar, sabai, grass, stone chips, hides, fibers, kaolin and bentonite. COMMUNICATION:-
a) Roads :- The district has good network of roadways. The river Ganges provides water link
also for such purposes. No important place in the district is left unconnected by a metalled road. The Jamtara-Dumka-Sahibganj road provides a link with Assam after ferry across the Ganges. The road between Farakka and Bhagalpur has been upgraded as National Highway. b) Railways :- The district is deprived of adequate railway communication as it lies on the
Howrah-Bhagalpur loop line. Both the sub-divisional headquarters have railway stations. Presently there is rail connection for Howrah, New Delhi and Patna. c) Waterways :- The only navigable waterways is the river Ganges. There are ferry services
across the river Ganges between Sahibganj ghat to Manihari Ghat in Katihar district of Bihar,
which is directly linked to the Guwahati highway and between Rajmahal ghat to Manikchak ghat in Maldah district of West Bengal. ELECTRICITY AND POWER :-
The district receives most of the power supply from the Super Thermal Power Station at
Kahalgaon. While all the main areas of the district have been electrified still the supply of power
in the rural areas is not yet sufficient and is an area of major concern. Sahibganj Population : 88084
Male : 46578
Female : 41506
Below 6yrs : 11764
Male : 6214
Female : 5550
Literate : 62189
Male : 35436
Female : 26573
The total number of villages in the district is 1819. Of these, 1307 are inhabited (chiragi) and 512 uninhabited (bechiragi). It is bounded on north by the river Ganges and district of Katihar, on the south by the district Godda, on the east by Maldah and Murshidabad districts of the state of West Bengal, and on the west by Bhagalpur and Godda districts.
